{"id":1215,"date":"2024-02-01T01:27:31","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T16:27:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/?p=1215"},"modified":"2024-02-01T01:28:10","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T16:28:10","slug":"toan-bo-ve-lich-su-nhat-ban-qua-cac-thoi-ky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/hoc-tieng-nhat\/toan-bo-ve-lich-su-nhat-ban-qua-cac-thoi-ky\/","title":{"rendered":"To\u00e0n B\u1ed9 V\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Qua C\u00e1c Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 S\u01a1 S\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 S\u01a1 S\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 15.000 n\u0103m TCN \u0111\u1ebfn 300 SCN, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh: th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t nung, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Jomon v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Yayoi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t nung (15.000 – 5.000 n\u0103m TCN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng du m\u1ee5c, s\u0103n b\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed7. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m th\u00f4 s\u01a1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Jomon (13.000 – 300 n\u0103m TCN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn th\u1eebng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tre v\u00e0 g\u1ed7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn th\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c xung quanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nung g\u1ed1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Jomon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Yayoi (300 TCN – 300 SCN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. L\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa, k\u00ea, l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, v\u0169 kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u1edbi t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u \u00c1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Yayoi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kofun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft, h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m sang l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp theo trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kofun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kofun l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Yayoi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f2 m\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f2a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kofun l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f2 m\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng g\u00f2 m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f2a. C\u00e1c g\u00f2 m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 100 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 cao kho\u1ea3ng 30 m\u00e9t. B\u00ean trong g\u00f2 m\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f9y t\u00e1ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f2 m\u1ed9 l\u1edbn cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c g\u00f2 m\u1ed9 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kofun, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f2a c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sang b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u0103m 404, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Asuka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Asuka l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kofun, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VIII. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp thu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Asuka, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bao g\u1ed3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Shotoku Taishi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cho d\u1ecbch kinh Ph\u1eadt sang ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp thu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Asuka. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Asuka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp thu v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung c\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 710 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1600, sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nara (710-794)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 710, Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng Shomu d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb Osaka \u0111\u1ebfn Nara, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nara. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp thu nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Ritsuryo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 718, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Trung Qu\u1ed1c, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nara. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Todaiji, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Heian (794-1192)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 794, Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng Kanmu d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Heian-kyo (nay l\u00e0 Kyoto), \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Heian. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: s\u01a1 k\u1ef3, trung k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 h\u1eadu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 k\u1ef3 Heian (794-967)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u suy tho\u00e1i. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, mang \u0111\u1eadm b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Ritsuryo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung k\u1ef3 Heian (967-1185)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy y\u1ebfu, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay c\u00e1c gia t\u1ed9c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khu trang \u1ea5p, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng samurai. Th\u01a1 ca Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 waka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 Heian (1185-1192)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tay c\u00e1c gia t\u1ed9c samurai. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean mi\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Heian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Kamakura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung Th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kamakura (1185-1333)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kamakura l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1185 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1333, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Minamoto no Yoritomo v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Chinh di \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoritomo \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 \u1edf Kamakura, ph\u00eda nam Kyoto, v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kamakura, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00fac v\u1eadt k\u00e9o. Thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoritomo c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa samurai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c binh l\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kamakura. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Jodo, Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nichiren \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi Yoritomo qua \u0111\u1eddi, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Hojo \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c Chinh di \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Minamoto s\u1edbm k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh Hojo v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kamakura, Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng Go-Daigo \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Yoshino, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Kyoto do gia \u0111\u00ecnh Hojo ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong 57 n\u0103m, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ashikaga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u (1336-1392)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, khi hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh B\u1eafc do Ashikaga Takauji th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Kyoto, c\u00f2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nam do Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng Go-Daigo cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Yoshino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u1ed5 ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, bu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nam ph\u1ea3i di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Shikoku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Muromachi (1392 – 1573)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Muromachi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung th\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ashikaga Takauji v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1573, khi Tokugawa Ieyasu th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Tokugawa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Muromachi, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Ashikaga d\u1ea7n suy y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh samurai \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i danh, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Muromachi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u1eafm hoa, tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch Noh \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Sengoku (1493 – 1603)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi: t\u1eeb Chinh di \u0110\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh Hosokawa \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh Miyoshi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Matsunaga . Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i danh-th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, thay th\u1ebf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u0169 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u1ea5p. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Azuchi-Momoyama (1573 – 1603)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Oda Nobunaga v\u00e0 Toyotomi Hideyoshi l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u.Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, mang theo s\u00fang \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ea1o Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Oda v\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi Toyotomi, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Toyotomi nghi ng\u1edd nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Kano v\u00e0 tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0ng kim.Sau khi Toyotomi Hideyoshi ch\u1ebft, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb Tokugawa Ieyasu th\u00e2u t\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1eadn th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Edo (1603 – 1868)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 k\u1ef3 Edo (1603-1650)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Tokugawa Ieyasu th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u1eadp M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 \u1edf Edo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p 4 t\u1ea7ng: s\u0129, n\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ea1o Kit\u00f4 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Trung k\u1ef3 Edo (1650-1800)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 suy y\u1ebfu, kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • N\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, thi\u00ean tai, s\u01b0u cao thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • V\u0103n h\u00f3a Edo ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 Edo (1800-1868)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ebf quan t\u1ecfa c\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7.i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        6. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Minh Tr\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1868 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1912, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng Minh Tr\u1ecb (1852-1912), g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Minh Tr\u1ecb Duy T\u00e2n: th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ,Chinh di \u0110\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn n\u0103m 1868, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c. Cu\u1ed9c Minh Tr\u1ecb Duy T\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phong ki\u1ebfn b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp chung v\u00e0o tay Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ebf m\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 theo h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 t\u00edn, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb d\u1eb9p y\u00ean. Quan h\u1ec7 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n: th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi theo phong c\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n hay gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u0169ng du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0103n m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1:th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, Nh\u1eadt \u0111i x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0, 1872-1879, chi\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c L\u01b0u C\u1ea7u; n\u0103m 1895, chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u00e0i Loan; n\u0103m 1905, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Sakhalin (Nga) v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Li\u00eau \u0110\u00f4ng (Trung Qu\u1ed1c); n\u0103m 1910, chi\u1ebfm b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean; n\u0103m 1914, chi\u1ebfm S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng (Trung Qu\u1ed1c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb (1912-1926) l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec. Trong ch\u00ednh s\u1eed th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh, theo t\u00ean k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edf Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0o Trung Hoa. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n,\u00a0 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Sau c\u00f9ng, d\u00f9 sao, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Kanto d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1923 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00eam kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra. Phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        7. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        S\u01a1 k\u1ef3 chi\u00eau h\u00f2a (1926 – 1945).<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1931, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1940, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 chi\u00eau h\u00f2a (1945-1989)<\/strong>. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1eddi. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc San Francisco c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Heisei b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1989<\/strong>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh,  ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ghi d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng thay cho C\u1ee5c ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc. Hy v\u1ecdng th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1215","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-hoc-tieng-nhat","8":"article cf"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1215"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1222,"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1215\/revisions\/1222"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.japanese-bank.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}